cfgtool - 用 git 管理 etc 和软件包安装列表

dieken_qfz · 发表于 2008-4-28 00:32:59

一个小脚本，用途是插入到 apt.conf 的 hook 里，在调用 dpkg
前后（包括 install, remove, purge, upgrade, dist-upgrade)
提交 etc/ 内容以及 dpkg --list 和 dpkg --get-selections 输出
到 git 库里。

git 库在 /.git，dpkg 输出在 /root 目录下，注意可能需要 git
v1.5.5 才行，我只在这上面测试过，Debian testing 满足这个要求。

使用办法：

su # 切换到 root 身份
aptitude install git-core gitk # 安装 git
./cfgtool init # 建立 /.git 并保存软件包列表
./cfgtool hook # 安装 hook 到 /etc/apt/apt.conf
cp cfgtool /root/cfgtool && chmod 500 /root/cfgtool

复制代码

以后调用 aptitude 或者 apt-get 的 install, remove 等操作时
都会记录 /etc 和软件包列表修改情况到 /.git 里，用 gitk 能很
方便的看到安装软件包记录。

用 ./cfgtool help 能看到一个简单的说明。

#!/bin/bash
#
# A little script to backup /etc or dot files in home directory
# and record installed software list under version control.
#
# When executed with root permission, it does:
# * create a .git directory in /
# * fully manage /etc and partially /root, /var
# * record installed software list(dpkg --list and dpkg --get-selections)
# by APT hooks
#
# When executed without root permissioin, it does:
# * partially manage ~/.*
#
#
# Example:
# # cfgtool init
# # cd /; cfgtool add etc; cfgtool commit -m "import /etc to init"
# # cfgtool hook
# # cfgtool log
#
#
# Reference:
# * Tracking /etc etc
# http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/wiki/index.cgi/TrackingEtcEtc
# * Maintain /etc with mercurial on Debian
# http://michael-prokop.at/blog/2007/03/14/maintain-etc-with-
# mercurial-on-debian/
# * A case for hg on /etc
# http://ygingras.net/b/2007/11/a-case-for-hg-on-etc
#
# Author:
# Liu Yubao <yubao.liu@gmail.com>
#
# Copyright:
# Copyright (c) 2008 Liu Yubao, all rights reserved.
#
# License:
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
# of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# ChangeLog:
# 2008-1-25 Liu Yubao
# * initial version 0.1.
# 2008-1-26 Liu Yubao
# * add APT hook support, version 0.2.
# 2008-4-27 Liu Yubao
# * remove hg support to make it simple.
# * remove simple wrapper functions.
# * rewrite some code to make it more robust.
# * release 0.3.
# 2008-4-27 Liu Yubao
# * fix working tree problem, version 0.3.1.
#
# TODO:
# * record file permission
#
log () {
local opt_e
if [ "-e" = "$1" ]; then
opt_e="-e"
shift
fi
echo $opt_e "[cfgtool] $1"
}
init_env () {
LANG=C
LC_ALL=C
export LANG LC_ALL
VCS=git
IS_ROOT=0
VCS_ROOT="$HOME"
VCS_REPOS=
VCS_REPOS_ARG=
VCS_CMD=
if [ 0 -eq `id -u` ]; then
VCS=/usr/bin/git
IS_ROOT=1
VCS_ROOT=
fi
VCS_REPOS="$VCS_ROOT/.git"
VCS_REPOS_ARG="--git-dir=$VCS_REPOS --work-tree=$VCS_ROOT/"
VCS_CMD="$VCS $VCS_REPOS_ARG"
if ! $VCS --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
log "Can't find $VCS, please install it first, eg:"
log " aptitude install git-core"
exit 1
fi
}
check_repos () {
if [ ! -d "$VCS_REPOS" ]; then
log "Can't find $VCS_ROOT/.git, please use 'cfgtool init' to initialize repository."
exit 1
fi
}
safe_commit () {
local a m
[ '-a' = "$1" ] && { a="-a"; shift; }
[ '-m' = "$1" ] && { m="$2"; shift 2; }
[ '-a' = "$1" ] && { a="-a"; shift; }
if [ `$VCS_CMD branch | wc -l` -eq 0 ]; then
$VCS_CMD commit $a -m "$m" "$@"
elif [ `$VCS_CMD diff --cached -- "$@" | wc -l` -gt 0 ]; then
$VCS_CMD commit $a -m "$m" "$@"
elif [ -n "$a" -a `$VCS_CMD diff -- "$@" | wc -l` -gt 0 ]; then
$VCS_CMD commit $a -m "$m" "$@"
else
return 0
fi
}
cmd_init () {
local a
log -e "Prepare repository $VCS_REPOS..."
cd "$VCS_ROOT/" || exit 1
if ! ($VCS_CMD init "$@" && chmod 700 "$VCS_REPOS"); then
exit 1
fi
# save output from dpkg --list and dpkg --get-selections
if [ 1 -eq $IS_ROOT ] && which dpkg >/dev/null 2>&1; then
a=0
[ -e root/dpkg--list.txt ] && { $VCS_CMD add root/dpkg--list.txt; a=1; }
[ -e root/dpkg--get-selections.txt ] && { $VCS_CMD add root/dpkg--get-selections.txt;
a=1; }
[ 1 -eq $a ] && ( safe_commit -m \
"save output from dpkg --list and dpkg --get-selections before cfgtool init" \
root/dpkg--list.txt root/dpkg--get-selections.txt || exit 1)
dpkg --list > /root/dpkg--list.txt || exit 1
dpkg --get-selections > /root/dpkg--get-selections.txt || exit 1
$VCS_CMD add root/dpkg--list.txt
$VCS_CMD add root/dpkg--get-selections.txt
safe_commit -m \
"save new output from dpkg --list and dpkg --get-selections after cfgtool init" \
root/dpkg--list.txt root/dpkg--get-selections.txt || exit 1
fi
log
log -e "Use 'cfgtool add' or '$VCS add' to add some files into"
log -e "repository, eg. /etc, ~/.*\n\n"
}
cmd_hook () {
if [ 0 -eq $IS_ROOT ]; then
log "Only root can use this function!"
return 1
fi
if ! which apt-get >/dev/null 2>&1; then
log "Can't find apt-get in PATH, is this Debian system?"
return 1
fi
# install cfgtool to /root/cfgtool
if [ ! -e /root/cfgtool ]; then
log
log "!!!!! Please copy cfgtool to /root/cfgtool and"
log "!!!!! run 'chmod 500 /root/cfgtool'"
log
fi
# install APT hook
cd "$VCS_ROOT/"
[ -e etc/apt/apt.conf ] && $VCS_CMD add etc/apt/apt.conf
safe_commit -m "save apt.conf before hook APT" etc/apt/apt.conf ||
exit 1
if ! grep cfgtool /etc/apt/apt.conf >/dev/null 2>&1; then
cat >> /etc/apt/apt.conf <<EOF
// added automatically by cfgtool ------------> begin
DPkg {
Pre-Invoke { "if [ -x /root/cfgtool ]; then /root/cfgtool hook_pre; fi"; };
Post-Invoke { "if [ -x /root/cfgtool ]; then /root/cfgtool hook_post; fi"; };
}
// added automatically by cfgtool <------------ end
EOF
$VCS_CMD add etc/apt/apt.conf
safe_commit -m "save apt.conf after hook APT" etc/apt/apt.conf ||
exit 1
log "Cfgtool has been install in /etc/apt/apt.conf"
fi
}
do_hook () {
local pid
if [ 0 -eq $IS_ROOT ]; then
log "Only root can use this function!"
return 1
fi
dpkg --list > /root/dpkg--list.txt || exit 1
dpkg --get-selections > /root/dpkg--get-selections.txt || exit 1
pid=$PPID
while [ $pid -gt 0 ]; do
caller=`/bin/ps -p $pid -o cmd= h`
(echo $caller | /bin/grep 'aptitude\|apt-get') && break
pid=`/bin/ps -p $pid -o ppid= h`
done
[ $pid -eq 0 ] && caller=`/bin/ps -p $PPID -o cmd= h`
cd / &&
$VCS_CMD add root/dpkg--list.txt &&
$VCS_CMD add root/dpkg--get-selections.txt &&
$VCS_CMD add etc &&
($VCS_CMD ls-files -d | xargs -r $VCS_CMD rm -r -q) &&
safe_commit -a -m "snapshot from $LOGNAME $1: $caller"
}
cmd_hook_pre () {
do_hook "before" >/dev/null 2>&1
}
cmd_hook_post () {
do_hook "after" >/dev/null 2>&1
}
cmd_version () {
cat <<EOF
Cfgtool 0.3.1, Copyright (C) 2008 Liu Yubao
Cfgtool comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, it is free software, and
you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; read
comment in the beginning of this script for details.
EOF
}
cmd_help () {
cat <<EOF
Usage: cfgtool subcommand arguments...
Cfgtool is a little script to backup /etc or dot files in home directory
and record installed software list under version control.
Most commands are simple wrappers to the corresponding commands in GIT,
you can use GIT directly.
Available sub commands and their equivalent commands in GIT:
init : git --git-dir=/path/to/.git --work-tree=/path/to init
hook : install Pre-Invoke and Post-Invoke hooks to APT
<cmd> : git --git-dir=/path/to/.git --work-tree=/path/to <cmd>
version : show version of Cfgtool
help : show this help information
The .git directory is in $HOME/ for normal user and / for root user.
EOF
}
#------------- main entry -----------------------
init_env
CMD="$1"
if [ -z "$CMD" ]; then
log "Missing arguments, use 'cfgtool help' to get help."
exit 1;
fi
shift
case "$CMD" in
init)
cmd_init "$@"
;;
hook|hook_pre|hook_post)
check_repos
cmd_$CMD "$@"
;;
version|help)
cmd_$CMD "$@"
;;
*)
check_repos
$VCS_CMD $CMD "$@"
;;
esac
# vi: et ts=4 sw=4

复制代码

dieken_qfz · 发表于 2008-4-28 00:43:48

顺带赞一下 Debian testing，装了 wqy 的两个字体包，汉字显示相当的凑合，
默认的 Epiphany 网页浏览器用的 Gecko 1.8 引擎，排版效果也是相当凑合，
用了三天了还没有起念头装 firefox。Xorg 不需要 915resolution 就上到了
1280x800，mp3 默认支持，alsa 配置默认就好，不需要 esound 也能
混音。rhythmbox 和 totem 做的挺好，整个 gnome 界面感觉很细腻，很清爽，
呵呵，全新安装的系统怎么看都觉得很顺眼。

有点遗憾的是休眠默认不行。

FireMeteor · 发表于 2008-4-28 16:18:52

赞你的脚本～
考虑改成svn来用。没用过git的说，这种情况下svn似乎很够了

dieken_qfz · 发表于 2008-5-3 19:25:31

Post by FireMeteor;1843499
赞你的脚本～
考虑改成svn来用。没用过git的说，这种情况下svn似乎很够了

原来支持 Mercurial（也就是 Hg）的，但后来发现要统一两种
版本管理工具的命令行接口是件很琐碎的事情，不胜其烦，就
去掉了。

用 SVN 不好的是它会在每个目录下生成 .svn 目录，妨碍用 tar
之类的工具打包备份，而 git，svn 的版本管理信息只有一个目录，
很方便。

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