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发表于 2005-3-22 09:08:08
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NAME
ps - report a snapshot of the current processes.
SYNOPSIS
ps [options]
DESCRIPTION
ps displays information about a selection of the active processes. If you want
a repetitive update of the selection and the displayed information, use top(1)
instead.
This version of ps accepts several kinds of options:
1 UNIX options, which may be grouped and must be preceeded by a dash.
2 BSD options, which may be grouped and must not be used with a dash.
3 GNU long options, which are preceeded by two dashes.
Options of different types may be freely mixed, but conflicts can appear.
There are some synonomous options, which are functionally identical, due to
the many standards and ps implementations that this ps is compatible with.
Note that "ps -aux" is distinct from "ps aux". The POSIX and UNIX standards
Manual page ps(1) line 1
Note that "ps -aux" is distinct from "ps aux". The POSIX and UNIX standards
require that "ps -aux" print all processes owned by a user named "x", as well
as printing all processes that would be selected by the -a option. If the user
named "x" does not exist, this ps may interpret the command as "ps aux"
instead and print a warning. This behavior is intended to aid in transitioning
old scripts and habits. It is fragile, subject to change, and thus should not
be relied upon.
By default, ps selects all processes with the same effective user ID (EUID) as
the curent user and associated with the same terminal as the invoker. It
displays the process ID (PID), the terminal associated with the process (TTY),
the cumulated CPU time in [dd-]hh:mm:ss format (TIME), and the executable name
(CMD). Output is unsorted by default.
The use of BSD-style options will add process state (STAT) to the default
display and show the command args (COMMAND) instead of the executable name.
You can override this with the PS_FORMAT environment variable. The use of
BSD-style options will also change the process selection to include processes
on other terminals (TTYs) that are owned by you; alternately, this may be
described as setting the selection to be the set of all processes filtered to
exclude processes owned by other users or not on a terminal. These effects are
not considered when options are described as being "identical" below, so -M
will be considered identical to Z and so on.
Except as described below, process selection options are additive. The default
selection is discarded, and then the selected processes are added to the set
of processes to be displayed. A process will thus be shown if it meets any of
the given selection criteria.
EXAMPLES
To see every process on the system using standard syntax:
ps -e
ps -ef
ps -eF
ps -ely
To see every process on the system using BSD syntax:
ps ax
ps axu
To print a process tree:
ps -ejH
ps axjf
To get info about threads:
ps -eLf
ps axms
To get security info:
ps -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
ps axZ
ps -eM
To see every process running as root (real & effective ID) in user format:
ps -U root -u root u
To see every process with a user-defined format:
ps -eo pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,wchan:14,comm
ps axo stat,euid,ruid,tty,tpgid,sess,pgrp,ppid,pid,pcpu,comm
ps -eopid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan
Print only the process IDs of syslogd:
ps -C syslogd -o pid=
Print only the name of PID 42:
ps -p 42 -o comm=
SIMPLE PROCESS SELECTION
-A Select all processes. Identical to -e.
-N Select all processes except those that fulfill the specified
conditions. (negates the selection) Identical to --deselect.
T Select all processes associated with this terminal. Identical
to the t option without any argument.
-a Select all processes except session leaders (see getsid(2))
and processes not associated with a terminal.
a Lift the BSD-style "only yourself" restriction, which is
imposed upon the set of all processes when some BSD-style
(without "-") options are used or when the ps personality
setting is BSD-like. The set of processes selected in this
manner is in addition to the set of processes selected by
other means. An alternate description is that this option
causes ps to list all processes with a terminal (tty), or to
list all processes when used together with the x option.
-d Select all processes except session leaders.
-e Select all processes. Identical to -A.
g Really all, even session leaders. This flag is obsolete and
may be discontinued in a future release. It is normally
implied by the a flag, and is only useful when operating in
the sunos4 personality.
r Restrict the selection to only running processes.
x Lift the BSD-style "must have a tty" restriction, which is
imposed upon the set of all processes when some BSD-style
(without "-") options are used or when the ps personality
setting is BSD-like. The set of processes selected in this
manner is in addition to the set of processes selected by
other means. An alternate description is that this option
causes ps to list all processes owned by you (same EUID as
ps), or to list all processes when used together with the a
option.
--deselect Select all processes except those that fulfill the specified
conditions. (negates the selection) Identical to -N. |
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发表于 2005-3-21 23:01:10
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