arch 的boot scripts初探

ygw_ycf

让我们先看看官方文档里的介绍
Boot Scripts


Arch Linux uses a fairly simple bootup sequence quite similar to *BSDs. The first boot script to run is /etc/rc.sysinit. When it's done, /etc/rc.multi will be called (in a normal bootup). The last script to run will be /etc/rc.local. When started in runlevel 1, the single user mode, the script /etc/rc.single is run instead of /etc/rc.multi. You will not find an endless symlink collection in the /etc/rc?.d/ directories to define the bootup sequence for all possible runleves. In fact, due to this approach Arch only really has three runlevels, if you take starting up X in runlevel 5 into account. The boot scripts are using the variables and definitions found in the /etc/rc.conf file and also a set of general functions defined in the /etc/rc.d/functions script. If you plan to write your own daemon files, you should consider having a look at this file and existing daemon scripts.
简单翻译：
        arch linux 使用一种特别简单的起动顺序，非常类似于*BSDs.首先起动的脚本是/etc/rc.sysint. 当它起动完后，/etc/rc.muti 将起动（正常起动情况），最后起动的脚本是/etc/rc.local .当起动在单用户模式，将用/etc/rc.single代替rc.multi.你不能在/etc/rc？.d这个为所有运行级别定义起动顺序的目录找到那些脚本连接。实际上，由于这一原因，arch只有三个运行级别，你可以在运行级别5起动X。起动脚本使用的变量及函数可以在/etc/rc.conf 和/etc/rc.d/functions 脚本中找到。如果你计划写自己的守护例程。你应该看看这些文件和已经存在的守护脚本。
呵呵，看看arch 是多么的简单！
大家可以在rc.sysinit 开头和结尾 加入
echo “*********rc.sysinit start********"
echo "**********rc.sysinit stop ******"
同理，rc.multi ，rc.local 加入一些！
重启来体会linux 的起动过程！ ---呵呵憋脚的翻译！先写到这里！接下来我们看看rc.sysinit都干了写什么！

diony

搬个凳子坐着等。

ps:第一个echo后面的引号还是改成英文符号吧。

ygw_ycf

同样，我们先看看官方文档
         /etc/rc.sysinit
        The main system boot script. It does boot-critical things like mounting filesystems, running devfsd, activating swap, loading modules, setting localization parameters, etc. You will most likely never need to edit this file!
        系统主要的起动脚本，它作一些起动时重要的事情！诸如，挂载文件系统，运行devfsd，激活交换分区，加载模块，设置local，等等。你最好不要编辑这个文件！
说的非常的明白，我把文件内容贴在下面！----已经包含rc.conf,functions,目的是更好的对照理解！
#!/bin/sh
#
# /etc/rc.sysinit
#

. /etc/rc.conf                         #引用rc.conf 里的变量及函数 .把rc。conf装入内存
下面是rc。conf的内容
           HARDWARECLOCK="localtime"
           TIMEZONE=Asia/Shanghai
           KEYMAP=us
           CONSOLEFONT=
           USEcolor="yes"
# Scan for LVM volume groups at startup, required if you use LVM
           USELVM="no"

# Networking
           HOSTNAME="myhost"
# Module to load at boot-up
           MODULES=(usbserial ide-scsi forcedeth snd-intel8x0 snd-pcm-oss)
# Note: to use DHCP, set your interface to be "dhcp" (eth0="dhcp")
#
            lo="lo 127.0.0.1"
            eth0="dhcp"
            INTERFACES=(lo eth0)

#
# Routes to start at boot-up (in this order#
            gateway="default gw 192.168.1.1"
            ROUTES=(gateway)
# Daemons to start at boot-up (in this order)
#   (prefix a daemon with a ! to disable it)

           DAEMONS=(syslog-ng hotplug !pcmcia network !netfs !crond alsamixer !xinetd)
以上是rc.conf的内容

. /etc/rc.d/functions #把functions装入，引用functions里的函数
下面是fuctions的内容
          STAT_COL=$[`stty size | awk 'BEGIN { RS=" " }; END { print $1 }'` - 13]

           # colors:

           if [ "$USECOLOR" = "YES" -o "$USECOLOR" = "yes" ]; then

        C_MAIN="\033[1;37m"       # main text
        C_OTHER="\033[1;34m"      # prefix & brackets
        C_SEPARATOR="\033[1;30m"  # separator
       
        C_BUSY="\033[0;36m"                # busy
        C_FAIL="\033[1;31m"                # failed
        C_DONE="\033[1;37m"                # completed
       
        C_H1="\033[1;37m"                # highlight text 1
        C_H2="\033[1;36m"                # highlight text 2
       
        C_CLEAR="\033[1;0m"
           fi

# prefixes:

        PREFIX_REG="::"
        PREFIX_HL=" >"

# functions:

        deltext() {
        echo -ne "\033[$(($STAT_COL+4))G"
         }

         printhl() {
        echo -e "$C_OTHER$PREFIX_HL $C_H1$1$C_CLEAR "
          }

         printsep() {
        echo -e "\n$C_SEPARATOR   ------------------------------\n"      
         }

         stat_busy() {
        echo -ne "$C_OTHER$PREFIX_REG $C_MAIN$1$C_CLEAR "
        deltext
        echo -ne "   $C_OTHER[${C_BUSY}BUSY$C_OTHER]$C_CLEAR "
        }

         stat_done() {
        deltext
        echo -e "   $C_OTHER[${C_DONE}DONE$C_OTHER]$C_CLEAR "
         }

        stat_fail() {
        deltext
        echo -e "   $C_OTHER[${C_FAIL}FAIL$C_OTHER]$C_CLEAR "
        }

        stat_die() {
        retval=1
        [ "$1" = "" ] || retval=$1
        stat_fail
        exit $retval
        }

         status() {
        stat_busy "$1"
        shift
        $* >/dev/null 2>&1
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
                stat_done
                return 0
        else
                stat_fail
                return 1
        fi
        }

# daemons:

         add_daemon() {
        [ -d /var/run/daemons ] || mkdir -p /var/run/daemons
        touch /var/run/daemons/$1
        }

        rm_daemon() {
        rm -f /var/run/daemons/$1
        }

         ck_daemon() {
        [ -f /var/run/daemons/$1 ] && return 1
        return 0
        }

# End of file以上是fuctions的函数


echo " "
printhl "Arch Linux v0.7 $C_OTHER(${C_H2}Wombat$C_OTHER)\n"
printhl "${C_H2}http://www.archlinux.org"
printhl "Copyright 2002-2004 Judd Vinet"
printhl "Distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL)"
printsep

# start up our mini logger until syslog takes over
/sbin/minilogd

# anything more serious than KERN_WARNING goes to the console
/bin/dmesg -n 3

# mount /proc and /sys
mount -n -t proc none /proc
[ "`grep sysfs /proc/filesystems`" ] && mount -n -t sysfs none /sys

if [ -e /dev/.devfsd -a -x /sbin/devfsd ]; then
        # Looks like devfs is running, use it
        status "Starting DevFS Daemon" /sbin/devfsd /dev
elif [ -x /etc/start_udev -a -d /sys/block ]; then
        # We have a start_udev script and /sys appears to be mounted, use UDev
        status "Starting UDev Daemon" /etc/start_udev
else
        # Static /dev, our last resort
        status "Using static /dev filesystem" /bin/true
fi

if [ "$USELVM" = "yes" -o "$USELVM" = "YES" ]; then
        if [ -f /etc/lvmtab -a -x /sbin/vgchange ]; then
                # Kernel 2.4.x, LVM1 groups
                stat_busy "Activating LVM1 groups"
                /sbin/vgchange -a y
                stat_done
        elif [ -x /sbin/lvm -a -d /sys/block ]; then
                # Kernel 2.6.x, LVM2 groups
                stat_busy "Activating LVM2 groups"
                /sbin/lvm vgchange --ignorelockingfailure -a y
                stat_done
        fi
fi

status "Activating Swap" /sbin/swapon -a       #激活swap分区

status "Mounting Root Read-only" /bin/mount -n -o remount,ro / #挂载分区

if [ -x /sbin/fsck ]; then #检查文件系统
        stat_busy "Checking Filesystems"
        /sbin/fsck -A -T -C -a
        if [ $? -gt 1 ]; then
                stat_fail
                echo
                echo "*****************  FILESYSTEM CHECK FAILED  ****************"
                echo "*                                                          *"
                echo "*  Please repair manually and reboot. Note that the root   *"
                echo "*  file system is currently mounted read-only. To remount  *"
                echo "*  it read-write type: mount -n -o remount,rw /            *"
                echo "*  When you exit the maintenance shell the system will     *"
                echo "*  reboot automatically.                                   *"
                echo "*                                                          *"
                echo "************************************************************"
                echo
                /sbin/sulogin -p
                echo "Automatic reboot in progress..."
                /bin/umount -a
                /bin/mount -n -o remount,ro /
                /sbin/reboot -f
                exit 0
        fi
        stat_done
fi

stat_busy "Mounting Local Filesystems"
/bin/mount -n -o remount,rw /
/bin/rm -f /etc/mtab*
# make sure / gets written to /etc/mtab
/bin/mount -o remount,rw /
# re-mount /proc and /sys so they can be written to /etc/mtab
umount /proc && mount -t proc none /proc
[ "`grep sysfs /proc/filesystems`" ] && umount /sys && mount -t sysfs none /sys
# now mount all the local filesystems
/bin/mount -a -t nonfs,nosmbfs,noncpfs,nosysfs,nousbfs
stat_done

stat_busy "Configuring System Clock"          #设置时间
if [ "$HARDWARECLOCK" = "UTC" ]; then
        /sbin/hwclock --utc --hctosys
else
        /sbin/hwclock --localtime --hctosys
fi
if [ ! -f /var/lib/hwclock/adjtime ]; then
        echo "0.0 0 0.0" > /var/lib/hwclock/adjtime
fi
if [ "$TIMEZONE" != "" ]; then
        /bin/ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TIMEZONE /etc/localtime
fi
stat_done

stat_busy "Removing Leftover Files" #不太清楚，清除临时文件，可能主要目的是为了检测，如daemons起动成功，会向/var/run写入一些空的文件，如果有这些文件，表明起动成功，所以起动时先清空。
/bin/rm -f /etc/nologin &> /dev/null
/bin/rm -f /etc/shutdownpid &> /dev/null
/bin/rm -f /var/locks/* &> /dev/null
/bin/rm -f /var/run/*.pid &> /dev/null
/bin/rm -f /var/run/daemons/* &>/dev/null
/bin/rm -rf /tmp/* /tmp/.* &> /dev/null
: > /var/run/utmp
# Keep {x,k,g}dm happy with xorg
mkdir /tmp/.ICE-unix && chmod 1777 /tmp/.ICE-unix
mkdir /tmp/.X11-unix && chmod 1777 /tmp/.X11-unix
stat_done

status "Updating Shared Library Links" /sbin/ldconfig  
#检查依赖关系，这一步有人把它注释，以加快起动速度，意义不大！

if [ "$HOSTNAME" != "" ]; then
        status "Setting Hostname: $HOSTNAME" /bin/hostname $HOSTNAME
fi

status "Updating Module Dependencies" /sbin/depmod -A

if [ -f /var/run/random-seed ]; then
        stat_busy "Initializing Random Seed"
        /bin/cat /var/run/random-seed >/dev/urandom
        stat_done
fi

if [ "$KEYMAP" != "" ]; then
        status "Loading Keyboard Map: $KEYMAP" /bin/loadkeys -q $KEYMAP
fi

if [ "$CONSOLEFONT" != "" ]; then
        stat_busy "Loading Console Font: $CONSOLEFONT"
        for i in `seq 1 12`; do
                /usr/bin/setfont $CONSOLEFONT -C /dev/vc/${i};
        done
        stat_done
fi

# Load modules from the MODULES array defined in rc.conf#加载rc。conf中定义的模块
stat_busy "Loading Modules"
for mod in "${MODULES[@]}"; do
        if [[ `echo $mod | grep '^[^\!]' | wc -l` -eq 1 ]]; then
                /sbin/modprobe $mod
        fi
done
stat_done

# Now that modules are loaded, try to mount /proc/bus/usb
[ "`grep usbfs /proc/filesystems`" ] && mount -t usbfs none /proc/bus/usb

# Screen blanks after 15 minutes idle time
/usr/bin/setterm -blank 15

# End of file
相对其它系统的rc.sysinit,arch的还是比较简单，易懂的。正如其文档所说！
有些地方我也不太懂，以后补充
下面看看rc.multi的内容

ygw_ycf

同样看看官方文档简介
/etc/rc.multi
Multi-user startup script. It starts all daemons you configured in the DAEMONS array (set in /etc/rc.conf) after which it calls /etc/rc.local. You shouldn't feel a pressing need to edit this file.
多用户环境起动脚本，它起动所有你在rc.conf里设置的守护进程，之后，起动rc.local
看看rc.multi内容：
!/bin/sh
#
# /etc/rc.multi
#
echo "*****************************ok rc.multi start***********************"
. /etc/rc.conf                 #同样装入 rc.conf ，functions
. /etc/rc.d/functions

# Start daemons     起动daemons
for daemon in "${DAEMONS[@]}"; do
        if [[ `echo $daemon | grep '^[^\!]' | wc -l` -eq 1 ]]; then
                /etc/rc.d/$daemon start        #可见rc.d 下全是些daemons的起动脚本，如果想编写自己的守护进程，可放到这里，然后加入到rc.conf 里的DAEMONS
        fi
done
echo " let sleep 6 seconds" 我加的
sleep 6s
echo "let 's go on"
if [ -x /etc/rc.local ]; then 执行rc.local
        /etc/rc.local
fi
echo "***************************ok rc.multi stop*************************"
# End of file
rc.loca的内容，我的是空的
#!/bin/sh
#
# /etc/rc.local: Local multi-user startup script.
#
echo "ok"
# End of file

kevinlei

ARCHLINUX的minilogd有BUG, 在SYSLOG不启动的情况下, 会占用大量内存直至死机...

activeion

多谢， 学习了。